Muskoke
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Ethnic Division Muskoke (Muskhogean-speakers) - the ruling group of the confederacy
Shawnee Lenawe (Algonquian-speakers) - probably refugee migrants from the north, they constituted one of the most important element in the confederacy
Alabama (Muskhogean-speakers) - probably the native inhabitants of the Alabama river valley
Hitchiti (Muskhogean-speakers) - probably the native inhabitants of Georgia
Timucua (Language isolate) - remnant groups from the Timucua peoples in Florida
Yuchi (Language isolate) - refugee group from the Ohio Valley among the Creeks, settled among the Kasihta-Muskoke Natchez (Language isolate) - refugee group from the Mississippi Valley in Louisiana among the Creeks, settled among the Abihka-Alabama Chickasaw (Muskhogean-speakers) - settled for a time among the Creeks + other remnants of broken nations settled among the Creeks to gain security
Political and Geographical Division Upper Creeks - were on the Alabama, Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers in Alabama
Lower Creeks - were on the Chattahoochee River, the province of Apalachicola
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Hodge, Frederick Webb (1910). Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington, Government Printing Press.
Swanton, John R. (1922/1998). Early History of the Creek Indians and Their Neighbors. Tallahassee, University Press of Florida.
Swanton, John R. (1939). Notes on the Creek Indians. Washington, Government Printing Office.
Walker, Willard B. (2004). Creek Confederacy Before Removal. In Handbook of North American Indians: Southeast, vol 14. Raymond D. Fogelson (editor). Washington, Smithsonian Institution.